Women’s experiences of abnormal Pap smear results – A qualitative study

ObjectivesTo describe women’s experiences of abnormal Pap smear result.MethodsTen women were recruited from a women’s health clinic. Qualitative interviews based on six open-ended questions were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by content analysis.ResultsThe women believed that their abnormal Pap smear result was indicative of having cancer. This created anxiety in the women, which resulted in the need for emotional support and information. Testing positive with human papillomavirus (HPV) also meant consequences for the relatives as well as concerns about the sexually transmitted nature of the virus. Finally, the women had a need to be treated with respect by the healthcare professionals in order to reduce feelings of being abused.ConclusionsIn general, women have a low level of awareness of HPV and its relation to abnormal Pap smear results. Women who receive abnormal Pap smear results need oral information, based on the individual women’s situation, and delivered at the time the women receive the test result. It is also essential that a good emotional contact be established between the women and the healthcare professionals.     

HPLC法测定盆炎净洗剂中芍药苷的含量

目的建立盆炎净洗剂中芍药苷的含量测定方法。方法采用C18柱（4．6mm×250ram，5μm）；流动相为乙腈旬．1％磷酸溶液（14：86）；检测波长230nm；流速1．0mL·min-1。结果芍药苷在80．442ng～1608．840ng的范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9993）范围内与峰面积线性关系良好，平均回收率为95．64±1．17（RSD1．22％）。结论该方法简单易行、准确可靠，可作为盆炎净洗剂的质量控制方法。     

Hemostatic effects of Microporous Polysaccharide Hemosphere® in a rat model with severe femoral artery bleeding

An appropriate hemostatic dressing for prehospital use should lower mortality due to uncontrolled hemorrhage. In this study, the investigators explored the hemostatic effects of Microporous Polysaccharide Hemosphere (MPH) applied in a rat model with severe femoral artery bleeding. Twelve rats were randomly assigned to MPH and control groups: The femoral artery of each rat was pierced to initiate bleeding. Then, 0.25 g MPH was poured into the bleeding site. A 200-g scale weight was placed over the bleeding site for 30 sec. At 30-sec intervals, the scale weight was removed, and hemostasis was assessed visually. After 30 sec, if the bleeding had ceased, the test was scored and checked as "passed at 30 sec." If the bleeding had not stopped, the same procedures were repeated a maximum of 3 times. If hemostasis could not be achieved even after the third application, the test was scored as failed. The same sequence of procedures was repeated for the control group without use of MPH and with only standard compression. Application of MPH resulted in complete control of bleeding in 2 of 6, 4 of 6, and 6 of 6 rats at 30, 60, and 90 sec, respectively. In the control group, however, hemostasis could not be achieved in all 6 rats, even at 90 sec. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P=.007). Application of MPH and compression with a scale weight significantly decreased the time of hemostasis in the rat model with femoral arterial bleeding.     

Biofilm: the microbial “bunker” for intravascular catheter-related infection

Catheter-related infection in cancer patients remains an important health-care problem with major financial implications. During the last few years a better understanding of the pathogenesis of catheter-related infections and the interaction between microorganisms and catheter surfaces has emerged. Recently the influence of biofilm formation in catheter-related infections has been established. The development of biofilm by the colonizing microbes permits attachment of the organisms to the vascular access device and confers resistance to antibiotics and host defense mechanisms. Strategies to overcome the development of biofilm are being developed to prevent catheter- and other medical device-related infections.     

生物传感器识别元件的种类及其在临床检验中的研究进展

摘要：识别元件是生物传感器的重要组成部分，参与特异性识别和捕获目标分析物，与传感器的选择性能密切相关。经典的识别元件主要是从生物体内分离出的酶、抗体等，或生物体本身如细胞、组织等作为识别元素，而新型识别元件多是在实验室合成的适配体、分子印迹聚合物(MIP)、亲合体等人工识别元素。根据不同识别元件的特性，已经研制出多种适用于临床检验的生物传感器。该文综述了识别元件的种类及其在临床检验中的应用研究进展。     

密蒙花中4种成分的含量测定及其主成分、偏最小二乘判别分析

目的 建立同时测定密蒙花药材中4种成分含量的方法,并进行主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）和偏最小二乘判别分析（partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA）。方法 采用超高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18,流动相为乙腈-0.1％磷酸溶液（梯度洗脱）,流速为0.15 mL/min,检测波长为330 nm,柱温为30 ℃,进样量为2 μL。采用SIMCA 14.1统计软件对含量测定结果进行PCA和PLS-DA研究。结果 4种指标性成分的线性、分离度、稳定性、重复性与精密度良好;24批药材样品有2个主成分,PLS-DA分析确定了2个分类标志物。结论 本研究建立的方法的精密度、稳定性、重复性均较好,可用于密蒙花药材中4种成分含量的同时测定;不同产地的密蒙花药材质量差异较大。     

黄芩主要成分黄芩甙的测定及体外抑菌作用研究

目的 研究分析黄芩主要成分黄芩甙的测定方法及体外抑菌作用。方法 采用煎煮法、温浸法、超声波法、加碱温浸法、醇提法提取黄芩内的有效成分黄芩甙,对比黄芩甙提取率;采用滤纸片平板扩散法检测黄芩甙对不同菌群的抑菌活性;采用试管稀释法检测黄芩甙对不同菌群的最小抑菌浓度。结果 黄芩甙提取率由高到低的方法依次为加碱温浸法、醇提法、超声波法、煎煮法、温浸法;黄芩甙对不同细菌的抑菌活性由高到低依次为绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、沙门氏杆菌;黄芩甙对不同细菌的最小抑菌浓度由低到高依次为金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、沙门氏杆菌。结论 加碱温浸法是黄芩甙的最佳提取方法,黄芩甙对绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌抑菌作用相对较强,对沙门氏杆菌抑菌作用相对较弱,具体作用机制有待进一步深入研究探讨。     

校对 ---鹿瓜多肽注射剂质量评价与标准优化

通过探索性研究对鹿瓜多肽注射剂质量现状及存在问题进行评价,并对现行质量标准进行优化。首先,对影响终产品新鲜度的因素进行考察。建立丹磺酰氯柱前衍生-HPLC 法测定鹿瓜多肽注射剂中 8 种生物胺的含量,结果显示个别企业的样品中检出较高浓度的尸胺;采用免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-HPLC -FLD 法测定鹿瓜多肽注射剂及中间提取液中黄曲霉毒素 B₁、B₂、G₁ 和 G₂ 的含量,并采用自动电位滴定法测定甜瓜子原料的酸价和过氧化值,结果表明部分企业生产原料甜瓜子存在霉变、酸败等问题,应在新鲜度方面给予重视。其次,优化了鹿瓜多肽注射剂质量标准中高分子量物质和多肽含量测定的方法。采用 Tricine-SDS-PAGE 电泳法代替凝胶色谱法测定高分子量物质,提高了测定的准确性;采用试剂盒法代替福林酚法测定多肽含量,该法操作简便、专属性更强,适用于大批量样品的快速测定。最后,对鹿瓜多肽注射剂质量标准中缺失的溶血与凝聚、生物学活性测定项目进行研究。建立直接观察法结合酶标仪测定法考察溶血与凝聚反应,结果各企业样品均无溶血与凝聚现象;采用 CCK-8 法考察鹿瓜多肽注射剂对 THP-1 细胞增殖的抑制作用,以此评价其抗炎活性,结果显示鹿瓜多肽注射剂对 THP-1 细胞具有增殖抑制作用,各企业样品的体外抗炎效果具有一定差异。探索性研究结果显示,鹿瓜多肽注射剂原材料、中间产品及终产品的安全性均存在一定隐患,表明本品的整体质量水平一般,且现行质量标准存在缺陷,亟待提高。     

Psychosocial reactions to relocation to a nursing home among Chinese older adults

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the psychosocial reactions to relocation to a nursing home from the perspective of older adults.MethodThis study applied a qualitative interview design. Narratives from 23 Chinese nursing home residents in a life review program in Fuzhou, China were recorded, transcribed into sentences, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe following psychosocial reactions to relocation to a nursing home emerged: fear, struggle, compromise, acceptance, and contribution. The fear resulted from negative labels attached to nursing homes, fear of disconnection to society, fear of difficulties in establishing new relationships, and fear of being abandoned by their families. The behaviors of ‘struggle’ were complaining about family members, thinking of returning home, praying for change, and taking action to leave. The keys to compromise were a choice between maintaining harmony in family relations and the companionship of relatives, a choice between professional care and family care, and a choice between the cost and effectiveness of family care and nursing home care. The process of acceptance included accepting life yet with worries, affirming the benefits of living in a nursing home, and embracing nursing home life. Contribution was mainly reflected in two aspects, a sense of ownership and bring into full play their self-worth.DiscussionsThis study generates new insights into knowledge on the psychosocial reactions to relocation to a nursing home. It provides both family members and nursing home staff with direction on how to ensure a smoother relocation process.